Throwing axes, also known as Francisca (or Francesca) were originally designed and used by the Franks, during the Middle Ages. A skilled axe thrower will rotate the axe exactly once throughout the flight so that the sharpened edge of the head will penetrate the target. Right before hand to hand combat, the Franks would throw their axe at enemy warriors, in an overhead motion, causing it to rotate as it traveled through the air. By doing this, the Franks would break the shields of their enemy and disrupt enemy lines.